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Zakat On Cattle

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Cattle means camels and cows, including buffaloes and sheep (meaning sheep and goats). Allah's Messenger (PBUH) said, "He whoever had camels or cows or sheep and did not pay their Zakat, those animals will be brought on the Day of Resurrection far bigger and fatter than before and they will tread him with their hooves, and will butt him with their horns, and (those animals will come in circle, that is,) when the last does its turn, the first will start again, and this punishment will go on till Allah has finished the judgments amongst the people." (Narrated by Al-Bukhari.)

 

Due Time of Cattle Zakat:

To reach Nisab (due minimum amount)

Nisab means the minimum amount of due Zakat. So, whoever does not possess Nisab is not obliged to pay Zakat, because it is obligatory only on whoever possesses this minimum amount. The Nisab of camels is estimated as five camels and not less than five; sheep Nisab is forty sheep and not less than forty, while cows Nisab is thirty cows and not les than thirty.

 

Passage of One Lunar Year:

 Zakat is obligatory after a time span of one lunar year passes with the cattle possessed by its owner. If this span of one lunar year did not pass, there will be no due Zakat on the cattle possessed. To this effect Ali narrated on the authority of the Prophet (PBUH) who said: "No Zakat is payable on property till a year passes on it." (Ascribed to Abu-Dawoud and Al-Baihaqui) The wisdom behind the passage of one year is to get a complete growth of the wealth.

 

The Cattle Should Be (Sa'imah) Fed from the Pasture and Should not Be Used for Farm Labour.

The majority of Shafi'i, Hanafi and Hanbali Scholars agreed that the cattle should be Sa'imah, which means that they are fed in the pasture made available for them. On the other hand, if the cattle were stall-fed, there is no due Zakat on them. This was mentioned in the Hadith of Al-Hakim on the authority of 'Amr Ibn Hazm who said: "One goat is due to be given as Zakat on every five grazing camels." All Scholars agreed that the cattle brought for farm labour and kept especially for such a reason there is no due Zakat on them. This is stipulated in the Hadith reported by Abu Dawoud on the authority of Ali Ibn Abu Talib that the Prophet (PBUH) said: "Nothing is payable on working animals."

 

However, the majority of Maliki Scholars agreed that Zakat is due on both fed as well as working cattle.

 

 The Types of Cattle on Which Zakat is Due:

1.           Nisab of camels and the amount of its due Zakat:

A.          the Nisab and the due amount of Zakat on camels would be as follows:

 

Number of camels

 

Due amount

1-4

 

Nothing is due

 

 

 

5-9

 

1(one) goat

 

 

 

10-14

 

Two goats

 

 

 

15-19

 

Three goats

 

 

 

20-24

 

Four goats

 

 

 

25-35

 

In this case the camel is called Bint Makhad (this is because the she-camel is one year old and is approaching the second, while its mother is pregnant)

 

 

 

36-45

 

In this case it is called Bint Laboun (it is the she camel of two years old and is approaching the third year; its mother gave birth to another baby and has milk for breast feeding).

 

 

 

46-60

 

It is called Haqqah (which means four-year she-camel, and it is called like this because it is grown enough to live with calf camel). 

 

 

 

61-75

 

The fifth and it is called Al-Jad'ah (a four-year-old she-camel which is approaching the fifth year).

 

 

 

76-90

 

Two Laboun she-camels.

 

 

 

91-120

 

Tow Hiqqahs

 

 

 

121-129

 

Three Laboun she-camels.

 

 

 

130-139

 

One Hiqqah + two Laboun she-camels.

 

 

 

140-149

 

Tow Hiqqah + tow Laboun she- camels.

 

 

 

150-159

 

Three Hiqqaahs.

 

 

 

160-169

 

Four Laboun she-camels.

 

 

 

170-179

 

Three female Labouns + one Hiqqah.

 

 

 

180-189

 

Two Labouns + two Hiqqahs.

 

 

 

190-200

 

Four Hiqqahs and five female Labouns.

 

B.           The Zakat is due on every forty female laboun camels, and every fifty hiqqahs.

2.           Nisab of cows and the amount of its due Zakat:

A. the Nisab and the due amount of Zakat on cows would be as follows:

 

Number of cows

 

Due amount

1-29

 

Nothing is due.

 

 

 

30-39

 

This is called Tabi' (a one-year-old cow (male or female) which is approaching the second).

 

 

 

40-59

 

Musinnah (a two-year-old female cow which is approaching the third year).

 

 

 

60-69

 

Two male or female Tabi'.

 

 

 

70-79

 

One Musinnah plus two male or female Tabi'.

 

 

 

80-89

 

Two Musinnah.

 

 

 

90-99

 

Three Tabi'.

 

 

 

10-109

 

Musinnah + two male or female Tabi'.

 

 

 

110-119

 

Two Musinnahs + two Tabi'.

 

 

 

120-129

 

Three Musinnah or four Tabi'.

 

b. This  role would be applicable to every thirty Tabi', and every forty Musinnah. The same should be applied on buffaloes, that its owner should add them to his possession of cows and pay Zakat on them according to the same calculations.

3.           Nisab of sheep and the amount of its due Zakat:

A.          the Nisab and the due amount of Zakat on sheep would be as follows:

Number of cows

 

Due amount

1-39

 

Nothing is due.

 

 

 

40-120

 

One ewe (should not be less than one-year-old).

 

 

 

121-200

 

Two ewes.

 

 

 

201-399

 

Three ewes.

 

 

 

500-599

 

Five ewes.

 

B.           Any more than that, one ewe will be due for every one hundred sheep.

 

Cattle Kept as Merchandise:

These should be treated within the guidelines of commerce. This means to calculate the due Zakat on them on the basis of their value, and not according to their number.

 

 However, if the cattle owned did not reach the due Nisab of money, then the Nisab is due on their number. Thereupon, Zakat should be paid on the basis of the previous calculations.

 

General Principals

1.           The Zakat payer should choose what is of average value among the cattle in his possession. He is not obliged to pay the best of them for Zakat; however, he should avoid what is not good, ill or weak. He should also calculate Zakat on both old cattle together with the little ones.

2.           It would suffice the Zakat payer to pay the due Zakat on cattle from the stock in his possession, and not to pay its value in money. This is what the majority of the scholars have agreed upon.  But, Abu Hanifah is in favor of the second opinion, which is easier for both the Zakat payer and the Zakat Fund.

3.           There is no due Zakat on any kind of animals except cattle, unless they are kept as merchandise. If any of Zakat due preconditions is not applicable, such as Nisab, Zakat payer is free to pay whatever he likes voluntarily. Therefore, it is counted as charity. It is also permitted for Zakat payer to give cattle of older age in the Zakat on cattle if he wishes. If, otherwise, he can take permission from the one who is responsible to collect Zakat or those who deserve it.

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